The Market Navigates Economic and Policy Uncertainty in February

Monthly Client Update | March 3, 2025

Monthly Market Summary

The S&P 500 Index returned -1.3%, outperforming the Russell 2000 Index’s -5.2% return. Six of the eleven S&P 500 sectors traded higher, led by defensive sectors.
Bonds traded higher, with the U.S. Bond Aggregate delivering a +2.2% total return. Corporate investment-grade bonds produced a +2.4% total return as Treasury yields declined, outperforming corporate high-yield’s +1.0% total return.
International stocks traded higher and outperformed the S&P 500. Developed Markets gained +3.0%, led by Europe, while Emerging Markets returned +1.1%.

Stocks and Bonds Move in Opposite Directions Amid Market Rotation

Stocks traded lower in a late-month sell-off as sentiment weakened. The S&P 500’s decline erased most of its post-election gains, which had been driven by expectations for stronger growth and deregulation under the new administration. Smaller companies underperformed, with the Russell 2000 ending the month more than -10% below its late November peak. Beneath the surface, the January market rotation continued as last year’s outperformers lagged. The Magnificent 7, a group of mega-cap tech stocks that drove most of 2024’s gains, fell by -8% and dragged down the Nasdaq 100, the Large Cap Growth factor, and the S&P 500. In contrast, defensive sectors and international stocks traded higher, while gold set a new all-time high. In the bond market, Treasury yields declined, with the 10-year yield falling to its lowest level since early December. The decline in interest rates caused bonds to rise, partially offsetting the stock market sell-off.

Economic Growth Holds Steady, but Market Reacts to High Expectations

The sell-off wasn’t triggered by a single event or data point but by a combination of interconnected factors. Economic reports underperformed expectations and revealed a cooling U.S. economy, as the services sector contracted and consumer confidence deteriorated. The combination signaled slowing consumer demand, a key pillar of economic growth during recent years. In Washington, policy uncertainty remained high, with renewed tariff threats against key trading partners and DOGE spending cuts. The market’s primary concern: imposing tariffs and reducing government spending could slow economic growth. In the stock market, Nvidia’s highly anticipated earnings report failed to reignite enthusiasm for AI companies, leading to a broader sell-off in technology stocks.

Market Sentiment Shifts from Growth to Caution in February

Following the election, the market initially focused on the incoming administration’s pro-growth policies. Expectations for tax cuts, deregulation, and increased energy production fueled hopes for stronger U.S. economic growth. At the start of the year, investors were optimistic about a “Goldilocks” scenario—moderate growth, cooling inflation, and lower interest rates. The optimism propelled stocks to new record highs this year, but with economic and policy uncertainty building, investor sentiment has become more cautious. The focus has now shifted from solid earnings growth and a robust labor market to concerns about slowing economic growth and uncertain government policy.

The information and opinions provided herein are provided as general market commentary only and are subject to change at any time without notice. This commentary may contain forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. None of the events or outcomes mentioned here may come to pass, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. No mention of a particular security, index, or other instrument in this report constitutes a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold that or any other security, nor does it constitute an opinion on the suitability of any security or index. The report is strictly an informational publication and has been prepared without regard to the particular investments and circumstances of the recipient.

Past performance does not guarantee or indicate future results. Any index performance mentioned is for illustrative purposes only and does not reflect any management fees, transaction costs, or expenses. Indexes are unmanaged, and one cannot invest directly in an index. Index performance does not represent the actual performance that would be achieved by investing in a fund.

Definitions

Annualized Return: The rate at which an investment grows each year over the period to arrive at the final valuation.
Bear Market: A decline of at least 20% from the market’s high point to its low.
Beta: A measure of how an individual asset moves when the overall stock market increases or decreases.
Correlation: A measure of the extent to which two variables are related.
Dividend Yield: The dividend yield or dividend-price ratio of a share is the dividend per share, divided by the price per share. It is also a company’s total annual dividend
payments divided by its market capitalization, assuming the number of sharesis constant.
Developed Markets: A country that is most developed in terms of its economy and capital markets. The country must be high income, but this also includes openness
to foreign ownership, ease of capital movement, and efficiency of market institutions.
Emerging Markets: A country that has some characteristics of a developed market but does not fully meet its standards. This includes markets that may become
developed marketsin the future or were in the past.
GrowthFactor Stocks: Growth stocks are companies expected to grow sales and earnings at a fasterrate than the market average.
LargeCap Stocks: Shares of publicly traded corporationswith a market capitalization of $10 billion or more.
LTM: An acronymfor”Last Twelve Months”or the past one year.
NTM:An acronymfor”Next Twelve Months” or the next one year.
Price Return: The rate of return on an investment portfolio, where the return measure takes into account only the capital appreciation of the portfolio, not including
income generated in the form of interest or dividends.
Total Return: Return on a portfolio of investmentsincluding capital appreciation and income received on the portfolio.
Small Cap Stocks: Small-cap stocks are shares of companieswith a market capitalization of less than $2 billion.
Standard Deviation: In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates the
valuestend to be close to the historical average of the data set, while a high standarddeviationindicatesthe current value is outside of the historical average range.
Value Factor Stocks: Stocksthat are inexpensive relative to the broad market based on measures of fundamental value (e.g., price to earnings or price to book).

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